Java程序员都很羡慕Windows ADO ,只需要new Connection 就可以直接从数据库连接池中返回Connection。并且 ADO Connection 是线程安全的,多个线程可以共用一个Connection,所以ASP程序一般都把getConnection 放在 Global.asa 文件中,在 IIS 启动时建立数据库连接。ADO 的Connection 和Result 都有很好的缓冲,并且很容易使用。

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其实我们可以自己写一个JDBC数据库连接池。
写JDBC connection pool 的注意事项有:
1. 有一个简单的函数从连接池中得到一个 Connection。
2. close 函数必须将connection 放回 数据库连接池。
3. 当数据库连接池中没有空闲的connection,数据库连接池必须能够自动增加connection 个数。
4. 当数据库连接池中的connection 个数在某一个特别的时间变得很大,但是以后很长时间只用其中一小部分,应该可以自动将多余的connection 关闭掉。
5. 如果可能,应该提供debug 信息报告没有关闭的new Connection 。
如果要new Connection 就可以直接从数据库连接池中返回Connection, 可以这样写( Mediator pattern ) (以下代码中使用了中文全角空格):
- public class EasyConnection implements java.sql.Connection{
 - private Connection m_delegate = null;
 - public EasyConnection(){
 - m_delegate = getConnectionFromPool();
 - }
 - public void close(){
 - putConnectionBackToPool(m_delegate);
 - }
 - public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException{
 - m_delegate.prepareStatement(sql);
 - }
 - //...... other method
 - }
 
看来并不难。不过不建议这种写法,因为应该尽量避免使用Java Interface, 关于Java Interface 的缺点我另外再写文章讨论。大家关注的是Connection Pool 的实现方法。下面给出一种实现方法。
- import java.sql.*;
 - import java.lang.reflect.*;
 - import java.util.*;
 - import java.io.*;
 - public class SimpleConnetionPool {
 - private static LinkedList m_notUsedConnection = new LinkedList();
 - private static HashSet m_usedUsedConnection = new HashSet();
 - private static String m_url = "";
 - private static String m_user = "";
 - private static String m_password = "";
 - static final boolean DEBUG = true;
 - static private long m_lastClearClosedConnection = System.currentTimeMillis();
 - public static long CHECK_CLOSED_CONNECTION_TIME = 4 * 60 * 60 * 1000; //4 hours
 - static {
 - initDriver();
 - }
 - private SimpleConnetionPool() {
 - }
 - private static void initDriver() {
 - Driver driver = null;
 - //load mysql driver
 - try {
 - driver = (Driver) Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
 - installDriver(driver);
 - } catch (Exception e) {
 - }
 - //load postgresql driver
 - try {
 - driver = (Driver) Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver").newInstance();
 - installDriver(driver);
 - } catch (Exception e) {
 - }
 - }
 - public static void installDriver(Driver driver) {
 - try {
 - DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
 - } catch (Exception e) {
 - e.printStackTrace();
 - }
 - }
 - public static synchronized Connection getConnection() {
 - clearClosedConnection();
 - while (m_notUsedConnection.size() > 0) {
 - try {
 - ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) m_notUsedConnection.removeFirst();
 - if (wrapper.connection.isClosed()) {
 - continue;
 - }
 - m_usedUsedConnection.add(wrapper);
 - if (DEBUG) {
 - wrapper.debugInfo = new Throwable("Connection initial statement");
 - }
 - return wrapper.connection;
 - } catch (Exception e) {
 - }
 - }
 - int newCount = getIncreasingConnectionCount();
 - LinkedList list = new LinkedList();
 - ConnectionWrapper wrapper = null;
 - for (int i = 0; i < newCount; i++) {
 - wrapper = getNewConnection();
 - if (wrapper != null) {
 - list.add(wrapper);
 - }
 - }
 - if (list.size() == 0) {
 - return null;
 - }
 - wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) list.removeFirst();
 - m_usedUsedConnection.add(wrapper);
 - m_notUsedConnection.addAll(list);
 - list.clear();
 - return wrapper.connection;
 - }
 - private static ConnectionWrapper getNewConnection() {
 - try {
 - Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(m_url, m_user, m_password);
 - ConnectionWrapper wrapper = new ConnectionWrapper(con);
 - return wrapper;
 - } catch (Exception e) {
 - e.printStackTrace();
 - }
 - return null;
 - }
 - static synchronized void pushConnectionBackToPool(ConnectionWrapper con) {
 - boolean exist = m_usedUsedConnection.remove(con);
 - if (exist) {
 - m_notUsedConnection.addLast(con);
 - }
 - }
 - public static int close() {
 - int count = 0;
 - Iterator iterator = m_notUsedConnection.iterator();
 - while (iterator.hasNext()) {
 - try {
 - ( (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next()).close();
 - count++;
 - } catch (Exception e) {
 - }
 - }
 - m_notUsedConnection.clear();
 - iterator = m_usedUsedConnection.iterator();
 - while (iterator.hasNext()) {
 - try {
 - ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();
 - wrapper.close();
 - if (DEBUG) {
 - wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace();
 - }
 - count++;
 - } catch (Exception e) {
 - }
 - }
 - m_usedUsedConnection.clear();
 - return count;
 - }
 - private static void clearClosedConnection() {
 - long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
 - //sometimes user change system time,just return
 - if (time < m_lastClearClosedConnection) {
 - time = m_lastClearClosedConnection;
 - return;
 - }
 - //no need check very often
 - if (time - m_lastClearClosedConnection < CHECK_CLOSED_CONNECTION_TIME) {
 - return;
 - }
 - m_lastClearClosedConnection = time;
 - //begin check
 - Iterator iterator = m_notUsedConnection.iterator();
 - while (iterator.hasNext()) {
 - ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();
 - try {
 - if (wrapper.connection.isClosed()) {
 - iterator.remove();
 - }
 - } catch (Exception e) {
 - iterator.remove();
 - if (DEBUG) {
 - System.out.println("connection is closed, this connection initial StackTrace");
 - wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace();
 - }
 - }
 - }
 - //make connection pool size smaller if too big
 - int decrease = getDecreasingConnectionCount();
 - if (m_notUsedConnection.size() < decrease) {
 - return;
 - }
 - while (decrease-- > 0) {
 - ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) m_notUsedConnection.removeFirst();
 - try {
 - wrapper.connection.close();
 - } catch (Exception e) {
 - }
 - }
 - }
 - /**
 - * get increasing connection count, not just add 1 connection
 - * @return count
 - */
 - public static int getIncreasingConnectionCount() {
 - int count = 1;
 - int current = getConnectionCount();
 - count = current / 4;
 - if (count < 1) {
 - count = 1;
 - }
 - return count;
 - }
 - /**
 - * get decreasing connection count, not just remove 1 connection
 - * @return count
 - */
 - public static int getDecreasingConnectionCount() {
 - int count = 0;
 - int current = getConnectionCount();
 - if (current < 10) {
 - return 0;
 - }
 - return current / 3;
 - }
 - public synchronized static void printDebugMsg() {
 - printDebugMsg(System.out);
 - }
 - public synchronized static void printDebugMsg(PrintStream out) {
 - if (DEBUG == false) {
 - return;
 - }
 - StringBuffer msg = new StringBuffer();
 - msg.append("debug message in " + SimpleConnetionPool.class.getName());
 - msg.append("\r\n");
 - msg.append("total count is connection pool: " + getConnectionCount());
 - msg.append("\r\n");
 - msg.append("not used connection count: " + getNotUsedConnectionCount());
 - msg.append("\r\n");
 - msg.append("used connection, count: " + getUsedConnectionCount());
 - out.println(msg);
 - Iterator iterator = m_usedUsedConnection.iterator();
 - while (iterator.hasNext()) {
 - ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();
 - wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace(out);
 - }
 - out.println();
 - }
 - public static synchronized int getNotUsedConnectionCount() {
 - return m_notUsedConnection.size();
 - }
 - public static synchronized int getUsedConnectionCount() {
 - return m_usedUsedConnection.size();
 - }
 - public static synchronized int getConnectionCount() {
 - return m_notUsedConnection.size() + m_usedUsedConnection.size();
 - }
 - public static String getUrl() {
 - return m_url;
 - }
 - public static void setUrl(String url) {
 - if (url == null) {
 - return;
 - }
 - m_url = url.trim();
 - }
 - public static String getUser() {
 - return m_user;
 - }
 - public static void setUser(String user) {
 - if (user == null) {
 - return;
 - }
 - m_user = user.trim();
 - }
 - public static String getPassword() {
 - return m_password;
 - }
 - public static void setPassword(String password) {
 - if (password == null) {
 - return;
 - }
 - m_password = password.trim();
 - }
 - }
 - class ConnectionWrapper implements InvocationHandler {
 - private final static String CLOSE_METHOD_NAME = "close";
 - public Connection connection = null;
 - private Connection m_originConnection = null;
 - public long lastAccessTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
 - Throwable debugInfo = new Throwable("Connection initial statement");
 - ConnectionWrapper(Connection con) {
 - this.connection = (Connection) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
 - con.getClass().getClassLoader(),
 - con.getClass().getInterfaces(), this);
 - m_originConnection = con;
 - }
 - void close() throws SQLException {
 - m_originConnection.close();
 - }
 - public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method m, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
 - Object obj = null;
 - if (CLOSE_METHOD_NAME.equals(m.getName())) {
 - SimpleConnetionPool.pushConnectionBackToPool(this);
 - }
 - else {
 - obj = m.invoke(m_originConnection, args);
 - }
 - lastAccessTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
 - return obj;
 - }
 - }
 
使用方法
- public class TestConnectionPool{
 - public static void main(String[] args) {
 - SimpleConnetionPool.setUrl(DBTools.getDatabaseUrl());
 - SimpleConnetionPool.setUser(DBTools.getDatabaseUserName());
 - SimpleConnetionPool.setPassword(DBTools.getDatabasePassword());
 - Connection con = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
 - Connection con1 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
 - Connection con2 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
 - //do something with con ...
 - try {
 - con.close();
 - } catch (Exception e) {}
 - try {
 - con1.close();
 - } catch (Exception e) {}
 - try {
 - con2.close();
 - } catch (Exception e) {}
 - con = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
 - con1 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
 - try {
 - con1.close();
 - } catch (Exception e) {}
 - con2 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
 - SimpleConnetionPool.printDebugMsg();
 - }
 - }
 
运行测试程序后打印JDBC数据库连接池中Connection状态,以及正在使用的没有关闭Connection信息。
                网站题目:Java的JDBC数据库连接池实现方法
                
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